Curveball Read Online Free
Author: Martha Ackmann
Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY.
4 . Jim Brown interview with the author, August 16, 2008.
5 .
Chicago Defender
, May 27, 1950.
6 . Maria Bartlow-Reed interview with the author, March 10, 2008.
7 . Nan Alamilla Boyd, “Oral History of Reba Hudson,”
Wide Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003).
8 . Vern L. Bullough, ed.,
Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context
(New York: Routledge, 2002), 377.
9 . Toni Stone interview with Bill Kruissink, March 27, 1996. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY.
10 . Unpublished letter from Aurelious Alberga to Toni Stone, April 13, 1953. Bartow-Reed private archive.
11 . Doug Grow, “Baseball Pioneer Never Listened to Naysayers,” Minneapolis–Saint Paul
StarTribune
, January 31, 1997.
12 . Toni Stone interview with Kyle McNary, September 1993. McNary private archive.
13 .
Louisiana Weekly
, January 20, 1951.
14 . Douglas Flamming,
Bound for Freedom: Black Los Angeles in Jim Crow America
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006), 206.
15 . Aurelious P. Alberga, Oral History Project: Afro-Americans in San Francisco Prior to World War II, Cosponsored by the San Francisco Public Library and the San Francisco African-American Historical and Cultural Society. Interviewer Albert S. Broussard, December 7, 1976, 14.
16 . Maria Bartlow-Reed interview with the author, March 10, 2008.
17 . Jim Hall, “Time Out,”
Louisiana Weekly
, May 26, 1951.
18 . Jean Hastings Ardell,
Breaking into Baseball: Women and the National Pastime
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2005), 113.
19 . George Rugg e-mail to author, November 13, 2009, citing November 14, 1951, AAGPBL Board of Directors minutes. Harold Daily Notebooks vol. 9, f 108v. Department of Special Collections. Hesburgh Libraries of Notre Dame.
20 . Mame Redman interview with the author, September 27, 2009.
21 . Leslie Heaphy and Mel Anthony May,
Encyclopedia of Women in Baseball
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2006), 28, 31; Kevin Czerwinski, “Media Tarnishes Engle’s Historic Moment,” www.mlb.com .
22 . “A Stop in Kansas City,”
Kansas City Star
, April 15, 1997. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY.
23 .
Louisiana Weekly
, May 19, 1951.
24 . Letter from Tom Baird to Lee MacPhail, January 17, 1949, Negro Leagues Ashland Collection, National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY.
25 .
Louisiana Weekly
, July 1, 1950.
26 . Leslie Heaphy e-mail to author, November 12, 2009.
27 . Austin Wilson, “Black Pioneer Hangs to Threads of Hope,”
Vicksburg
(Mississippi)
Sunday Post
, August 7, 1977.
28 . Jim Banks,
The Pittsburgh Crawfords
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2001), 84.
29 . Larry Moffi,
The Conscience of the Game: Baseball’s Commissioners from Landis to Selig
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press/Bison Books, 2006), 127–128.
30 . Alan J. Pollock with James A. Riley, editor,
Barnstorming to Heaven: Syd Pollock and His Great Black Teams
(Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006), 225.
31 . Hank Aaron with Lonnie Wheeler,
I Had a Hammer: The Hank Aaron Story
(New York: Harper Torch, 1991), 12.
32 . Pollock, 228.
33 . Charlie Vascellaro,
Hank Aaron: A Biography
(Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, 2005), 10.
34 . Pollock, 228.
35 . Aaron, 47.
36 . Ibid., 46.
37 . Ibid., 39.
38 .
Louisiana Weekly
, February 23, 1952.
39 . Pollock, 233.
40 . Hall, Jim, “Time Out,”
Louisiana Weekly
, May 26, 1951.
41 . Pollock, 240.
42 . Sam Lacy, “First Women in Pro Baseball,”
Afro Magazine
, 1953. n.p.
43 . Melvin Carter Sr. interview with the author, May 20, 2008.
44 . John Cotton interview with the author, August 10, 2008.
45 . Mike Hudson,
4 . Jim Brown interview with the author, August 16, 2008.
5 .
Chicago Defender
, May 27, 1950.
6 . Maria Bartlow-Reed interview with the author, March 10, 2008.
7 . Nan Alamilla Boyd, “Oral History of Reba Hudson,”
Wide Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003).
8 . Vern L. Bullough, ed.,
Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context
(New York: Routledge, 2002), 377.
9 . Toni Stone interview with Bill Kruissink, March 27, 1996. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY.
10 . Unpublished letter from Aurelious Alberga to Toni Stone, April 13, 1953. Bartow-Reed private archive.
11 . Doug Grow, “Baseball Pioneer Never Listened to Naysayers,” Minneapolis–Saint Paul
StarTribune
, January 31, 1997.
12 . Toni Stone interview with Kyle McNary, September 1993. McNary private archive.
13 .
Louisiana Weekly
, January 20, 1951.
14 . Douglas Flamming,
Bound for Freedom: Black Los Angeles in Jim Crow America
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006), 206.
15 . Aurelious P. Alberga, Oral History Project: Afro-Americans in San Francisco Prior to World War II, Cosponsored by the San Francisco Public Library and the San Francisco African-American Historical and Cultural Society. Interviewer Albert S. Broussard, December 7, 1976, 14.
16 . Maria Bartlow-Reed interview with the author, March 10, 2008.
17 . Jim Hall, “Time Out,”
Louisiana Weekly
, May 26, 1951.
18 . Jean Hastings Ardell,
Breaking into Baseball: Women and the National Pastime
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2005), 113.
19 . George Rugg e-mail to author, November 13, 2009, citing November 14, 1951, AAGPBL Board of Directors minutes. Harold Daily Notebooks vol. 9, f 108v. Department of Special Collections. Hesburgh Libraries of Notre Dame.
20 . Mame Redman interview with the author, September 27, 2009.
21 . Leslie Heaphy and Mel Anthony May,
Encyclopedia of Women in Baseball
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2006), 28, 31; Kevin Czerwinski, “Media Tarnishes Engle’s Historic Moment,” www.mlb.com .
22 . “A Stop in Kansas City,”
Kansas City Star
, April 15, 1997. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY.
23 .
Louisiana Weekly
, May 19, 1951.
24 . Letter from Tom Baird to Lee MacPhail, January 17, 1949, Negro Leagues Ashland Collection, National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY.
25 .
Louisiana Weekly
, July 1, 1950.
26 . Leslie Heaphy e-mail to author, November 12, 2009.
27 . Austin Wilson, “Black Pioneer Hangs to Threads of Hope,”
Vicksburg
(Mississippi)
Sunday Post
, August 7, 1977.
28 . Jim Banks,
The Pittsburgh Crawfords
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2001), 84.
29 . Larry Moffi,
The Conscience of the Game: Baseball’s Commissioners from Landis to Selig
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press/Bison Books, 2006), 127–128.
30 . Alan J. Pollock with James A. Riley, editor,
Barnstorming to Heaven: Syd Pollock and His Great Black Teams
(Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006), 225.
31 . Hank Aaron with Lonnie Wheeler,
I Had a Hammer: The Hank Aaron Story
(New York: Harper Torch, 1991), 12.
32 . Pollock, 228.
33 . Charlie Vascellaro,
Hank Aaron: A Biography
(Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, 2005), 10.
34 . Pollock, 228.
35 . Aaron, 47.
36 . Ibid., 46.
37 . Ibid., 39.
38 .
Louisiana Weekly
, February 23, 1952.
39 . Pollock, 233.
40 . Hall, Jim, “Time Out,”
Louisiana Weekly
, May 26, 1951.
41 . Pollock, 240.
42 . Sam Lacy, “First Women in Pro Baseball,”
Afro Magazine
, 1953. n.p.
43 . Melvin Carter Sr. interview with the author, May 20, 2008.
44 . John Cotton interview with the author, August 10, 2008.
45 . Mike Hudson,
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